COVER PICTURE 11

 Doing Our Best

The front cover of Volume 1 of St Albans' Own East End contains a monochrome photograph of a group of uniformed young men on the edge of a woodland setting in the area we know today as Marshals Wick.

The photograph from the front cover of Volume 1 St Albans' Own East End.  Robert
Baden Powell second left, taken at Marshals Wick.
COURTESY HERTFORDSHIRE SCOUTS

The group are practising their skills in observation, way finding and possibly map reading and were photographed c1917.  But the story behind this image dates to 1907, when an already well-known British Army officer, Robert Baden Powell, organised, with one or two friends, a camp.  The location was Brownsea Island; a number of teenaged boys from several different backgrounds participated; but crucially, this was not a scout camp; nor did it include boys from large inner city areas.  Their experience made use of ideas produced in a booklet written by Powell to test out some of his own  experimental ideas he had learned in a young life in the outdoors.

In a post-camp "de-brief session" Powell enthusiastically inquired  whether his influential friends who had assisted at the the previous year's camp, would form similar groups of boys (later girls too) and form themselves into "patrols," to expand on  up a number of the experimental camp activities; and to develop a structure for the groups and districts which were subsequently formed.

An early troop meeting – open air of course – at Marshals Wick.
COURTESY HERTFORDSHIRE SCOUTS

Growing in strength: a rally at Marshalswick.
COURTESY HERTFORDSHIRE SCOUTS

Into the picture came the owner of Oaklands, Charles Dymoke Green and he enlisted the assistance of Herbert Salwey, who established the first two patrol groups, the first (1st St Albans) in the city, and shortly afterwards the 2nd St Albans for teenaged boys in the growing Camp district. 

So, the international Movement of Scouts – and a few short years later the Cubs, Guides, Venture Scouts et al – had its roots in Hertfordshire and especially St Albans, although patrols and troops spread quickly throughout the country.  For outdoor activities it wasn't just the open spaces around Oaklands which initially became important as the but Dymoke Green family's home, but Charles wife, Winifred was part of the Marten family who owned Marshals Wick House and its grounds.  It is in the latter's grounds where the featured photograph was taken.  And Marshals Wick was at the heart of many early scouting activities and meetings.

In some of the earliest screen marketing targeted at cinemas nationwide film cameras rolled at Marshalswick House to announce the attraction for teenagers of organised outdoor activities.

Going international and from rally to Jamboree: World Jamboree at Sutton Park in 1957,
COURTESY SCOUT ASSOCIATION

The top photograph therefore very much earns its place, not only at the heart of our east end of St Albans, but of the gestation of a mature world-wide organisation. 

Beechwood Avenue Junction

 I was recently asked whether the junction which Links Hatfield Road, Beechwood Avenue, Beaumont Avenue and Ashley Road has always looked as it does today.  But of course almost everywhere used to look different!   And with this junction it is a mater how far back we should go.  So we will begin with the 1920s. That's far enough.

The roadway is Beaumont Avenue in the 1920s.  The stile leads to a
footpath across the field towards the farm, approximately on a line
matching Beechwood Avenue, though not at the time even a line of
a map. 
COURTESY ST ALBANS MUSEUMS

On the left was a plot-sized field used as a builder's yard.  Where the grass verge is had been
a brick street shelter c1940 – 1955.  This is Beechwood Avenue towards Hatfield Road.

On this corner had been a posting box, a telephone kiosk, and before that a brick-built
police reporting cabin with public phone accessible externally.

Recently a pair of redundant barred gates were brought from Smallford and erected at each end of the Avenue (now Beaumont Avenue) because it was a private road belonging to Beaumonts Farm. There was then no Beechwood Avenue.  There was no Ashley Road either; it was, instead, a trackway –  a trackway forming an extension of The Avenue from the farm homestead.  Beaumont Avenue didn't then stop at Hatfield Road but continued to join up with Hill End Lane and was also well known as the Ashpath or the Cinder Track .  So the junction was much simpler in the 1920s.  Carts were still around and from the higher driving position the sightline from the Ashpath junction with the righthand blind bend of  Hatfield Road was not materially difficult until houses had been built in the 1930s.

The former builder's yard; the later 267 Hatfield Road has not yet arrived.  The phone box
has not yet arrived.  The posting box is just to the left.  T&B Builders are selling
houses in Sandpit Lane.
COURTESY PHILIP ORDE

When the Beaumonts Estate was sold for housing in 1929 a new roadway, replacing a stile across the field towards Hatfield Road was replaced by a new residential road called Beechwood Avenue, punching its way through the hedge line at Hatfield Road. Previously the right-of-way was the only connection with Sandpit Lane.

North end of the then private The Avenue (Beaumont Avenue).

The lower end of The Avenue.

For the next few years homes were not only constructed along Hatfield Road but along the majority of Beechwood Avenue, drivers having to negotiate the cross roads junction.  Meanwhile the right of drivers to use the junction to and from Beaumont Avenue was still not  considered a right of way as the Avenue was still considered private, and those who took the risk to drive across the junction did so at their own risk – until a left-turn-only was made mandatory in the 1960s.

Much occurred during the 1930s.  House building firms created plot-sized compounds for storage, included one on the corner occupied now by 267 Hatfield Road.  Only vacated in 1939, the little field was a children's play space through the war and well into the 1950s, but this little corner of Beechwood and Hatfield Road had much going for it.  A letter box was installed at the corner and a brick-built police building (replacing a wooden version at Sutton Road), arrived at the start of the war, standing where today the bow-shaped flower bed is located.

A substantial rectangular street shelter was constructed c1940 beside the footpath adjacent to the police box and post box.  This was only demolished in the mid-fifties at the same time when the police box disappeared and in its place came a coin operated telephone box.

This remained for a few years until plans were mooted for 267 Hatfield Road, and the phone box was moved to behind the pavement at the entrance of Beaumont Avenue.  A single public telephone with three different locations!

At the time, 1960s, when the city's ring road was being completed the traffic at some of the ring road junctions became busier, and this was one of those risky junctions. So traffic lights were installed.  In line with the King Harry junction – also on the ring road – it was later considered more sensible to replace lights with double roundabouts, which remain in use today.  Before the lights Beaumont Avenue had received a HALT AT MAJOR ROAD AHEAD traffic sign, and when the traffic lights arrived an experiment which provided for a left phase-only for Beaumont Avenue was was short-lived and was replaced by the permanent left- only traffic sign supported by a GIVE WAY instruction.

So far there has been no mention of the alleyway, a footpath from the junction towards Fleetville School but went much further and had finished at St Peter's Parish Church.  Many children from the new Beaumonts Estate walked between Beaumont Avenue and Fleetville School via the alleyway.  Once very popular, many residents find it less attractive today.  Which is a shame.

The alleyway from its eastern end at Beaumont Avenue towards
Fleetville Infants School at Woodstock Road South.

School Uniforms

 RESCUE MISSION

School Uniforms

The history of badges and associated uniforms around St Albans East End extends back to the beginnings of Fleetville and its environs, even if the schools themselves were located in other districts of the city.

Logo from Francis Bacon School, now Samuel Ryder Academy.

Their origins can be found in the establishment of private schools, so as the number of children of school age expanded it became necessary to reflect in the number or location of schools at which they were educated.

Verulam Academy, based on elements from the former St Albans County
Grammar School for Boys.

This is a challenging post as many private schools, full of hope and expectation, had disappointingly short lives.  Nevertheless there will be photographs around of proud children (or at least proud parents) with their offspring – usually before their first school day and before their clothing, including ties or sleeves have shown signs of deterioration, whether sudden or gradual.

Unknown school blazer and badge snapped c1950s along Sandpit Lane.

Unknown school uniform worn at a day out near St Albans
City Station.

Unknown school uniform worn at a day out near St Albans
City Station.

We can still see children with a rough idea of what the uniform should have looked like, though a majority of pictures were monochrome (black-and-white).  The one feature of the uniform which would usually stand out is a badge, often attached a blazer breast pocket or hat.  Yet it is the badge which has photographically survived the least well, partly because of its size and detail and is often hidden by bags, arms and scarves.

Rather obviously, Skyswood Primary School in monotone.

I have scanned many such photographs as I have and realise how few visuals of school uniform I have.  Please have a hunt in your own collections, even if you are unable to identify a school or local college.  Even recent elements of apparel would be excellent; uniforms and badges are ephemeral pieces with which we lose touch quite quickly.

Caption reminds us of an early Fleetville team badge for Fleetville Junior
School c1920.

A small private establishment, Durnford School; obviously school uniform, but three
elements which are shown are not very obvious from a mix of monotone, two hidden
blazer badges and a furled flag!

Cunningham Hill

A well worn Beaumont Boys; School badge from the 1950s.

Cover Picture 10

Cunningham Hill Farm

Watercolour painting by John Buckingham showing Guernsey cattle grazing in one of the
home fields at Cunningham Farm.
COURTESY ST ALBANS MUSEUMS.

The story of the farm is an ancient one; and probably not unusually it also is short in the supply of available photographs and paintings, prints and  drawings from periods before the late 19th century.  In this post we will focus on the farm's story, for that is the reason it features as a cover image on Volume 1 of St Albans' Own East End. The painting featured here was painted in water colour by mid 19th century local artist John Cunningham.

Surviving home buildings now converted into residential accommodation.

The farm lost its acres shortly after the Second World War for residential development, but its history is long and impressive.  While many of the medieval manors can be fairly accurately placed, that of Thanccton (various spellings) may have been associated with extensive areas of woodland with a more modern translation of Fawn Wood.  No-one can be certain where either name was located.  Where other fairly well distributed manors have been identified around St Albans, that part known as Cunningham Hill, or Cunnynehame, has not been previously identified as an ancient manor site, its link with Thanccton is no more than suggestive, and the name Cunnynehame was still in modest use well into the twentieth century.

Following the Dissolution, the land, along with Sopwell along with land surrounding with the earlier monastery, named into the hands of Sir Richard Lee and then the Grimston family with lane extending north towards Hatfield Road and southwards into Sopwell.  On the western boundary had flowed from the St Albans Hill and joining the River Ver.

It was only at the end of the eighteenth century that a new boundary arrived in the form of Thomas Telford's New London Road, which was not based on any previous boundary.

Part of Springfield, now public open space for the wider Camp district.

A corner of the Springfield Allotment Gardens.

The Cunningham farm homestead lay on the upper slopes close to the Camp track towards Hill End and Cell Barnes, with most of its fields lying on sloping ground between the track and the New London Road; and lying on chalk was well suited to grazing.

From the eighteenth century some of lower slopes were periodically used for military training, the most recent period being during the First World War.  These encampments gave the later residential occupations at the top end of the farm the name The Camp.

World War One training camp in 1915 on part of Cunningham's lower slopes adjacent to
London Road.

On the steeper slopes were developed allotment garden.  Photograph taken in 1917
and showing a group of children having been prizewinners for their tending of a group of 
allotment gardens; probably connected with a senior school in St Albans.
COURTESY THE HERTS ADVERTISER

During the twentieth century, the lower slopes were occupied as community allotments, and in the early twentieth century the Bath Agricultural Society, held more local and highly successful versions of its agricultural shows, including at Cunnynehame.  Both animals, farmers and spectators accessed the showground direct via the former London Road Station, crossing the New London Road and climbing the lower entrance of the farmer where now is Cunningham Hill Road.

While the above particular events are recorded at and near the farm, there is a considerable shortage of drawings and photographs of the same events, and pictures which provide a general overview of some of its boundaries, fields, barns and entrance ways.

Squeezing Through

 Fleetville's Infant School and Nursery has always been problematically sited.  For a start, it wasn't intended to be located where it is.  If the developer had got his way there would have been homes in both Woodstock Road South and in Royal Way.  If two different developers had agreed to work together Royal Road would have joined with Burnham Road.  If the County Council had thought more carefully – well, the parents of Fleetville, formed into an association as early as 1906, could have pressed for a school site in a better location.  If.  

The build-out to provide t he narrowest distance for pedestrians to cross and ensure
pedestrians are not hidden between parked vehicles.  The truck was following the signed 
instruction to give way to oncoming traffic – not easy as the road ahead begins with
a blind bend and  hill.

This road is also part of the Green Ring around St Albans.  This makes it rather challenging for
cyclists to use in both directions.  Nevertheless, the Green Ring is sign-posted.

The function of the pavement post may be well-intentioned, but of limited value
if vehicles are in a position to move it from its intended position.

Access to the school has always been problematic.  Children have always accessed the school grounds from both the front or the back, that is, Royal Road and Woodstock Road South. Parking in both roads was always limited  and large vehicles are a regular requirement – waste lorries, lack of turning facilities in  Royal Road, and at one time in Woodstock Road double-deck buses were routed its full length, although only towards Hatfield Road from Brampton Road.  At the beginning and end of the school day the level of pedestrian (and buggy) traffic mushrooms.

As the greenery on the school site is vulnerable to growing across the footpath both at
low height and outwards as tree branches, the footpath is less useful, especially in wet and
wintery conditions.

It is not just a placement post when becomes damaged, but the very fences designed
to protect children when leaving the school and from running into the road.

So, what do we make of the recent incident of a large truck trying to make its way from Hatfield Road northwards past the school.  The St Albans' Times online paper recently published photos of young children and parents squeezing through a partly blocked footpath to reach the school gate.

The truck, being where it was, had its nearside wheels on the pavement,  as shown on a photograph taken by a pedestrian.  It was there to allow a vehicle though the pedestrian crossing build-out in the opposite direction.  A protective post on the footpath was sufficiently distant from the build-out to accommodate the truck, but it is not clear how it manoeuvred there.  The accompanying photographs above, however, and taken at times between 2014 and 2024.are sufficient to show the scene on an otherwise cleared road.  We can make our own mind up!

Photographs above courtesy GOOGLE STREETVIEW

Original article ST ALBANS TIMES.co.uk 26 September 2026

DROPPING IN

 Wherever we live there will locations not too far away where risks exist in the course of our daily lives.  Often risks we would not normally be aware of – until something happens to make us suddenly more alert.  A vehicle leaving the road at speed and making a dent in your front living room; a train leaving the tracks and ending up in your back garden at the foot of an embankment; an aeroplane losing a landing wheel or depositing a block of its ice in a nearby park.

St Albans' own east end has received its own share of transport incidents through time, and because it is close to airfields, among them Harpsfield airfield (known as de Havilland) and Handley Page's former airfield, known at the beginning of aero history as St Julian's airfield, we received our fair share of visits from the sky.

When air incidents were considered "novel" photographs could almost be guaranteed for publication in the Herts Advertiser.  Even a special edition had been known on such an occasion. Here is a selection of what might be called rough landings from the 1930s, in no particular chronological sequence.

Original headline:  Aeroplane Crash

The wreckage of a two-seater aeroplane which crashed at Hammonds Wood, near Sandridge.  The pilot was only slightly injured.

Original headline: Monoplane Crash at Hatfield

An instructional plane which crashed in a field adjoining the Hatfield and St Albans Road near Hatfield.  The pilot, Flying Officer, W B Wilson, was injured.  His passenger, Mr J R Denny, escaped injury.

Original headline: 'Plane wrecked at Hatfield (1935)

Crashed into a tree when landing. Two airmen were slightly injured when their plane crashed into a field adjoining Hatfield Aerodrome.  The machine, a dual control Avro Cadet used for Flying Officers' training,  is owned by the Civil Training Company of Hamble Hants. It collided with a tree on the Harpsfield Hall Estate.

Original headline: None (1938)

Three men lost their lives when two aeroplanes collided in mid-air and burst into flames at Smallford.  This picture was reprinted from a Special Edition of the Herts Advertiser published last Friday.

 

Original headline: Aeroplane at Hatfield (1932)

The wreckage of an aeroplane which crashed at Hatfield on Sunday.  The pilot, Mr F W Marshall of the Royal Air Force Reserve, escaped serious injury.

Original headline: Bombing 'Plane Crash (1931)

Royal Air Force bombing plane which crashed while landing at the Handley Page aerodrome, Colney Street near StAlbans on Tuesday.  The pilot and his passenger escaped injury.

Original headline: Fatal Aeroplane Crash near Hatfield (1937)

Mr R J Waight, chief test pilot of the de Havilland Aircraft Co Ltd in the TK4 machine which crashed into a field near the Aerodrome on Friday.  Mr Waight was fatally injured.

 Original headline: Plane Crash at Sandridge (1935)

The wreckage of an instructional aeroplane from the de Havilland School of Flying, Hatfield, which crashed at Sandridge, on Friday.  The pilot, Mr L C Cheetham of Darby, escaped injury.

All of the above photographs are printed courtesy the Herts Advertiser.

RESCUE MISSION 9

 Smallford Speedway

Our series of locations with a shortage of publicly available photographs with buildings and sites in their early days is quite extensive; in many cases we have already passed the point of no return.  Buildings can change their functions of course, but what if the site contained no permanent building in the first place?  Yes, it might offer the opportunity to explore some archaeology courtesy of the current land owner, but that is very different from a photograph.

East of Notcutt's Garden Centre at Smallford was a site with an entrance directly from the Hatfield Road about which almost no-one has any memory.  There is a public footpath leading from the road northwards past the Radio Estate and you could walk the path and fail to point to a clue that large numbers of people had once gathered there.

Footpath from Hatfield Road northwards towards the former Radio Station, now the Radio Estate.

But in the decade leading up to 1939 you might have occasionally spotted a panelled advertisement in the Herts Advertiser similar to the one below.  This was a period in which motor-cycle speedway races were popular, and no doubt large numbers of St Albans' residents walked along the main road to enjoy an afternoon excitedly watching motorcyclists careering around an oval track in pursuit of a trophy or other prize.

COURTESY THE HERTS ADVERTISER

It was quite "a thing" pre-war and many towns had their own clubs in the same way most towns of any size were proud to own their own local football clubs.

Modern aerial photographs still indicate the location, and the size and shape of the field used for speedway at Smallford, as shown in the photograph below, courtesy Google Earth.   Next to the boundary of the garden centre is the above mentioned footpath; to the right of which is a field within a field and beyond that is the former homestead of Popefield Farm.  The vegetation growing in the field within is scrubby, but indicates the location of  the speedway track.

Notcutt's Garden Centre is in the bottom left corner, east of which is a footpath.  Hatfield Road
passes across the bottom of the photo towards Popefield Farm.  In between is the
scrubby area which used to be the Smallford Speedway track.
COURTESY GOOGLE EARTH

The infrastructure was known to have been minimal, and on the eastern side was a raised platform, perhaps covered.  Not much else.

St Albans may have punched above its weight for the time, but its closure undoubtedly came about rather suddenly because of the onset of the Second World War, rather than a loss of interest among spectators or competitors.  It seems the site has remained unused ever since, although the home ground for the Eastbourne club is still operational at Arlington just outside the town, is floodlit, and until recently still ran meetings for stock-car racing.  It had opened for speedway in the same year, 1929, as Smallford.

Still-open Arlington Stadium near Hailsham/Eastbourne.
COURTESY ARLINGTON STADIUM

Of all the unusual or rare images surviving in our Rescue Mission series, the most difficult to find has been this location; in fact not a single example has yet to be discovered!

Unless, of course a blog reader knows otherwise!

Near Cell Barnes Lane was an example of a less formal vehicular sport, cycle speedway.  Fortunately we do have examples of this short-lived entertainment, courtesy of Bill Gadsby who provided photographs, and evidence of programmes which were available.

Post-war cycle speedway at Cell Barnes before modern development.
COURTESY BILL GADSBY